Gun Control Essay -- Second Amendment The Right To Bear Arms

Gun Control in the United StatesNews is all told around us and is readily available to everyone. There are many flaws in the system that hurts the authenticity of the news when you see it. The media is indirectly part of the policy-making system. Most news is either considered liberal or conservative by many.The media is often considered to be biased. The reason for this is because they do not act neutral on the things that they report on. They usually give their point of view and tend to warp the information so its easily digestible by the average person. This quality of nugget feeding, can influence the judgment of some one who has no idea what is going on. The media tends to sensationalize the news by making it seem dramatic, and compelling. This hooks the viewer, and keeps them tuned in. The purpose of this is for ratings, and about importantly money. The media has become less professional, and their morality has gone down hill. The editors/gatekeepers decide what informatio n is sent out for the public to see, and hear. This is another way that the news is wrought for our viewing pleasure.The news media rejects the fact that they are biased. They claim that they are the middle of the road, and are neutral on the stories that they cover. Publishers also claim that they are the watchdog for the policy-making system, and they make sure that the system is free of any corruption, or wrongdoing. Th...

Environmental Activism Essay -- essays research papers

1. The large mainstream environmentalism groups started to compromise too much with regulatory agencies and bureaus, starting with the Glen Canyon Dam project. This began an estrangement with the mainstreams that culminated in the rise of to a greater extent militant groups like Earth First Glen Canyon re devoteed what was fundamentally wrong with the countrys conservation policies arrogant presidential term officials motivated by a quasireligious avidness to industrialize the natural orb, and a diffident bureaucratic leadership in the mainstream environmental organizations that more or less willingly collaborated in this process.The mainstream environmental groups and government held the premise that mankind should control and manage the natural world. The radicals held that our technological culture with its intrusions on natural world had to be curtailed, perhaps even undone, to keep the bionomics of this planet and our role in it viable. It marked a shift from a rearguard str ategy (mainstream) to protect wilderness to an affirmative attempt to roll back the artifacts of nuance, to deposit the world to the point where natural processes such as the flow of rivers could continue.The mainstream environmental movement is now perceived by many as out of billet with peoples deep concern about environmental degradation, has become corpseatized. The activists use approaches such as industrial vandalism or "ecotage" to foster dramatic results. Some some other methods employed are tree spiking, tree sitting, road blockading, demonstrations, tree pinning, ship sinking, dam breaking and outright terrorist-type sabotage (bombing power stations, bridges, power line, etc.) There may be some complimentary results of the efforts of both mainstream and radical groups. The large environmental organizations, while denouncing the radicals confrontational activities, have then been able to use their ample pecuniary resource to take the campaign to Congress or t he courts with the impetus of public support the radicals generated. 2. With Soules quote, including "Vertebrate evolution may be at an end" it means that the civilization complex has lost its reference point by overwhelming the natural processes it has always used to define itself. The otherness of nature is disappearing into the artificial world of technology. As the environmental crisis worsens, we can expect increased att... ...of civilizations citizens. Industrial man and the industrial society may be the most deleterious and unsustainable economic system the world has ever seen, since it constantly eats into the bionomic systems on which it depends.We are beginning to realize just how costly a system it is as the health and cleanup bills from years of environmental abuse come due. Not surprisingly, those who benefited most from the extravagant rise of the industrial economy have done their best to headspring the burden on to others the poor, the unwary, or the next generation. Industrialism is perhaps the greatest pyramid scheme in history.The role that industrial man must take for the eventual(prenominal) survival of the natural world is that he must take the action to slow and reverse human population growth . There are ecological limits to how many people can live in dignity on this planet to quibble over whether that line has yet been crossed is to invite a game of ecological brinkmanship that there is no need to play. And if human population has not exceeded carrying capacity, the arguments of the humanist critics leave out the whole question of the effect present population levels have on the nonhuman world.

Margaret Atwoods The Handmaids Tale Essay example -- Atwood Handmaid

Margaret Atwoods The Handmaids TaleIn The Handmaids Tale, Margaret Atwood tells a saddening story about a not-to-distant future where toxic chemicals and abuses of the human body waste resulted in many men and women alike becoming sterile. The main character, Offred, gives a first person encounter about her subservient life as a handmaid in the Republic of Gilead, a republic formed after a bloody coup against the United States government. She and her fellow handmaids are fertile women that the leaders of Gilead, the Commanders, enslave to ensure their power and the population of the Republic. While the laws governing women and others who are not in control of Gilead seem oppressive, outlandish and ridiculous, they are merely a caricature of past and present laws and traditions of Western civilization. The Handmaids Tale is an accurate and feasible description of what society could be like if a strict and oppressive sacred organization gained dominant power over the political system in the United States. Of course, angiotensin-converting enzyme does not need to try to predict the future in order to get a picture of what life would be like if such a strict and oppressive phantasmal organization obtained a choke hold on our political system. The Holy Roman Empire and various kingdoms of the not-to-distant past, ruled by kings appointed by God through birthright, are packed with stories of poor treatment of those who oppose them and have a consistent theme for foul treatment of women. Few, if any, religious conquests were as grue well-nigh and devastating as the Inquisition. Starting in the 13th century, monarchs from all around Europe, with approval from the Popes during their reigns, anointed inquisitors to track down a certain group of he... ...omen than men and more stories of women succeeding in business and government, one might think that society has evolved from the mediaeval, torturous times of the Inquisition. However, we mustnt forget that the Inq uisition did not end until the early 19th century, and that most Western Civilizations did not settle strides towards equal rights for women until the 20th century. The Handmaids Tale is a shivering warning about the brutality that humans can enact upon each other, given the opportunity. Many of the religious sentiments expressed during the story are echoes of todays events. From the Inquisition to toxic waste dumps poisoning hundreds of people in a small town to abortion clinic bombings, some of the outrageous and unbelievable events of The Handmaids Tale have already been taking place for centuries, but are hopefully not a omen of what is to come.

Free Merchant of Venice Essays: The Character of Portia :: Merchant Venice Essays

Portia is a woman who is subservient to the attitudes of her times. She is educated beyond measure and yet is slip to the give of the males in her life. First of all she is obligate to obey the dictates of her fathers will and must marry the man who guesses the right casket. Secondly she is under the direction of her hubby Bassanio, who takes over her fortune and is in charge of her. It does search that the men in this play portray women as no better than cattle or land. Portia disguises herself as a young male judge to let off her husbands best fri exterminate. She is very clever in stating the exact words of the contract between Shylock and Antonio. indeed when Shylock wants his pound of flesh Portia tells him he fuel not spill a drop of blood in the process or he will lose all that he has. In the end Portia manages to do just what she started to do, save Antonios life. Du bid the trial, she overhears her husband tell Antoino that he loves his friend more than his married woman. To Portias dismay Bassanio gives his hook up with ring in payment to the lawyer (Portia) for his fees. This is do possibly under duress for Bassanio did promise Portia that he would never part with the ring. When Bassanio returns home to find his wife blocking the doorway to the house, he knows something is wrong. She asks him where his wedding ring has gone to and is told that it is not here. She refuses to share the same bed with him till he has the ring back on his finger. Portia finds it in her heart to forgive Bassanio and gives the ring to Antonio he in turn gives it to his friend Bassanio.Free Merchant of Venice Essays The Character of Portia Merchant Venice EssaysPortia is a woman who is subservient to the attitudes of her times. She is educated beyond measure and yet is subject to the will of the males in her life. First of all she is forced to obey the dictates of her fathers will and must marry the man who guesses the right casket. Secondly she is under the d irection of her husband Bassanio, who takes over her fortune and is in charge of her. It does seem that the men in this play portray women as no better than cattle or land. Portia disguises herself as a young male judge to save her husbands best friend. She is very clever in stating the exact words of the contract between Shylock and Antonio. Then when Shylock wants his pound of flesh Portia tells him he can not spill a drop of blood in the process or he will lose all that he has. In the end Portia manages to do just what she started to do, save Antonios life. During the trial, she overhears her husband tell Antoino that he loves his friend more than his wife. To Portias dismay Bassanio gives his wedding ring in payment to the lawyer (Portia) for his fees. This is done possibly under duress for Bassanio did promise Portia that he would never part with the ring. When Bassanio returns home to find his wife blocking the doorway to the house, he knows something is wrong. She asks him where his wedding ring has gone to and is told that it is not here. She refuses to share the same bed with him till he has the ring back on his finger. Portia finds it in her heart to forgive Bassanio and gives the ring to Antonio he in turn gives it to his friend Bassanio.

Database Models :: essays research papers

In this paper I will be discussing the differences and similarities of the three database models we have talked about in mannequin the Entity-Relationship, Object model, and the UML modeling. First lets look at the definition of the three models. The Entity- Relationship Model is employ to visually represent data objects and is apply for database design. It is easy to understand which makes it easier to communicate the design to the end user. The form used in the ER model can easily be transformed into relative tables. (Information Technology Services ITS, 2004)Another database model we went over in class is the Object Model. There are three concepts to understanding the Object Models integrity of them universe the Data Abstraction which is the process of condensing data down to its essentials. Another one is the Inheritance in the object model is the means of defining one class in terms of another. The third concept in the object model is the Encapsulation which is the concep t of including processing or behavior with the object instances defined by the class. Encapsulation allows code and data to be packaged together. The third database model would be the UML model that stands for Unified Modeling Language used for writing software sour prints. The UML can be used to visualize, specify, construct, and document the artifacts of a software-intensive system. (Safari Tech Books Online, 2002, chap. 2)Some of the similarities in the database model are that all three can be used in the database design process in some way. In our previous class DBM 380 we used the ER model for our projects even from our preceding projects we can make water the database model in an Object or UML model. Of the three database models I find that the Entity Relationship model was the easiest to create and explain to an end user it also transforms effortlessly into relationship tables which worked well in Access. The Object model and UML model seem to be more of a language model th an the ER model seems to be more for just databases although the Object model addresses both scheduling and databases. The UML model is more for intense software programming such as Java programming it would allow you to visualize and document your programming steps before starting the code.

Database Models :: essays research papers

In this paper I will be discussing the differences and similarities of the trinity database regulates we hire talked about in class the Entity-Relationship, Object theoretical account, and the UML modeling. First lets look at the definition of the three models. The Entity- Relationship Model is use to visually represent data objects and is used for database design. It is easy to understand which makes it easier to communicate the design to the obliterate user. The form used in the ER model can good be transformed into relational tables. (Information Technology Services ITS, 2004)Another database model we went over in class is the Object Model. There are three concepts to ground the Object Models one of them being the Data Abstraction which is the process of condensing data down to its essentials. Another one is the Inheritance in the object model is the means of defining one class in terms of another. The third concept in the object model is the Encapsulation which is the con cept of including processing or style with the object instances defined by the class. Encapsulation allows code and data to be packaged together. The third database model would be the UML model that stands for Unified Modeling Language used for writing software blue prints. The UML can be used to visualize, specify, construct, and document the artifacts of a software-intensive system. (Safari Tech Books Online, 2002, chap. 2)Some of the similarities in the database model are that all three can be used in the database design process in some way. In our previous class DBM 380 we used the ER model for our projects scour from our preceding projects we can create the database model in an Object or UML model. Of the three database models I find that the Entity Relationship model was the easiest to create and explain to an end user it also transforms effortlessly into relationship tables which worked well in Access. The Object model and UML model seem to be more of a language model than the ER model seems to be more for just databases although the Object model addresses both programming and databases. The UML model is more for intense software programming such(prenominal) as Java programming it would allow you to visualize and document your programming steps before starting the code.

Of Mice and Men and The Great Gatsby Analysis

John Steinbecks, Of Mice and Men, and F. Scott Fitzgeralds, The keen Gatsby, sh are a theme of dehumanization. dehumanisation is portrayed through two opposite social kinsfolkes, the wealthy and the working class, and the ways in which women are treated by men.Of Mice and Men is a figment about George and Lennie, two migrant do workers, who have been hired to work at a farm after being chased out of their last job. The Great Gatsby is concerned with its protagonist, Jay Gatsby, and his devotion to rising into the upper class to impress Daisy Buchanan who left him because he was poor.In the end, characters from both novels are either dehumanized due to their class or because of their gender. Throughout Of Mice and Men, the wealthy upper class dehumanizes the lower working class by manipulating and taking advantage of them.Curleys wife lives a life in lavishness on the farm with no work and plenty of free time. She wanders around the farm claiming that she is looking for her husb and, but in reality she is exerting her power over the workers. When Crooks, iodin of the workers, talks second to Curleys wife, she jeopardises, I could get you strung up on a tree so easy it aint even funny (Steinbeck 79).Steinbeck emphasizes that she could not nevertheless have him falsely condemned, but doing so would be no trouble at all. Crooks then, reduces himself to nothing and replies, Yes, maam with a toneless voice because he knows that it is true. Steinbecks expression further advocates the theme of dehumanization, particularly when he describes Crooks voice as toneless.Crooks monotonous response indicates that he has accepted his role as unimportant and voiceless. sooner of then walking away, Curleys wife continues to take advantage of his inferiority by waiting for him to move so that she could whip at him again.This short diversify demonstrates how the rich gain satisfaction from abusing the helpless. Earlier in the story, George, Lennie, and Candy, another pl anter, decide to pool their savings together in order to purchase a farm and be their own bosses. At the end of their conversation, George wisely adds, Dont tell nobody about it, Jus us three an nobody else.They lible to tail us so we cant make no stake (60), George understands that if their current boss discovered the plan they composed, he would take advantage of the gamy dependence they have on their next pay checks and fire them.The wealthy class will do whatever it takes to prevent the impoverished from becoming prosperous. On the other hand, in Of Mice of Men, Curleys wife can also be the victim of dehumanization kinda than the oppressor. She is lots portrayed as a metaphor for problems in the story because she is a woman.Steinbeck expresses this by purposely not giving her a name. Her only identifier is her marriage to Curley, whom she rarely talks to. That identifier is a large reason for why George loathes her. When George and Lennie first meet Curleys wife, George refe rs to her as poison, a piece of jail bait, and a rattrap (32).He utilizes words that compare her to inanimate objects of disdain that give the star that she is not a lady or even an actual person, but again a metaphor for problems. In addition, George commands Lennie to let Curley take the rap rather than ordering Lennie not to go after Curleys wife.George uses the word let because no one looks for trouble with Curleys wife, but some one has to tolerate her and that unfortunate soul, in Georges eyes, should be Curley. Then when Lennie accidentally kills her, the main concern is not her, but how to keep Lennie from getting in trouble.Anything that is tied to Curleys wife can only crocked danger. Similarly, The Great Gatsby contains multiple examples of the wealthy dehumanizing the poor. When mountain pass, the narrator, and Tom Buchanan, Daisys husband, visit the valley of ashes to see Toms mistress, myrtle, they also encounter Myrtles husband, George Wilson, a poor car mechanic.G eorge inquires when Tom will be selling him a car with a tone of desperation in his voice. Tom, sensing this desperation, threatens to sell it somewhere else after all (Fitzgerald 25). George quickly tries to take it back but his voice fades off with submission.Fitzgerald effectively chooses the words faded off to characterize Georges reply because like Crooks in Of Mice and Men, it supports the notion that some of the lower class workers recognize that arguing back with the upper class is useless.It is apparent that Tom enjoys dangling this sale over him because George is depending on it. Later in the novel when Nick and Daisy are visiting Gatsbys house, Gatsby calls his servant, Klipspringer, over to play them some music. When the servant walks in, Nick immediately notices that Gatsby had him change his attire to make him look more presentable for Daisy.Klipspringer explains that he was sleeping but Gatsby interrupts to ask him if he plays the piano and then interrupts him again w hen Mr. Klipspringer tries to admit that he is out of practice. Gatsby commands that he not talk so overmuch and just play (95).Gatsbys request that he not talk so much connects back to the voiceless characteristic that Crooks in Of Mice and Men understands to pertain to himself. In this short conversation, Gatsby is attempting to help Klipspringer understand that this characteristic pertains to him as well by not allowing him to finish a single sentence.Much like Of Mice and Men, in The Great Gatsby women are dehumanized to unimportant and frequently ignored roles. When Gatsby and Tom Buchanan have their altercation on the subject of Daisy, she tries to add in her own opinion with a obvious effort, watchwording out that she wont stand this and begs to leave (133).However, both of these remarks are completely ignored with no response from anyone. Fitzgerald emphasizes that Daisy is being ignored by having her cry out opinions with a visible effort and then following that with a response that makes it appear as if no one even hears her.Later in the novel, Wilson starts to go insane and treats Myrtle inhumanely. When his neighbor hears a loud disturbance coming from Wilsons house, Wilson calmly explains to him that it is just his wife locked up there (137).Wilson is treating her more like an tool than a human being. In the next sequence, Myrtle is hit by an oncoming car that ends her tremendous vitality. It is very ironic that in the end, Myrtle dies when she was so full of life, yet Daisy will continue her life as an insignificant and overlooked wife.In the passage illustrating her death, Fitzgerald forcefully uses pronouns to describe Myrtles mangled body to counsel that she is just another poor girl from the valley of ashes whose death will create little impact on the world.In Of Mice and Men, Curleys wife finds it remarkably effortless to threaten the farmers because of their low position on the farms hierarchy. However, it is just as easy for her to b ecome the victim of dehumanization being that she is a woman. She is perceived less as a person and more as a metaphor for problems.Likewise, in The Great Gatsby, Tom Buchanan and Jay Gatsby express signs of disrespect for the working class, such as George Wilson and Mr. Klipspringer. Also, Myrtle and Daisy often find themselves continually treated inhumanely and seen as unimportant.John Steinbeck conveys the dehumanization of the lower class through manipulation, and the dehumanization of women by using Curleys wife as a literary device to prove a point. F. Scott Fitzgerald also uses manipulation as a tool to dehumanize the working class, and he dehumanizes the women by frequently characterizing them as voiceless.

Info

IS must by shaped y the organizations structure, business processes, goals, culture, and watchfulness, in order to serve the hires of outstanding organizational groups, as well as the usage of internet bay window save transaction and agency costs in the organization. Revenue growth, profitability or productivity growth cannister be defined as competitive advantage, as such those people usually has a higher stock merchandise valuation than their competitors In the long run position, they might using special resources or use commonly available resources in an efficient way than early(a) competitor.However, all of the questions that relates to the way to achieve completive advantages, can be answer by Michael Porters competitive forces model. IS can actually change the operation among the organization without anymore manual(a) handling, replacing complicated steps with tasks, and eliminating delays in decision making, moreover, by conducing a business process analysis, it may he lp to understand the way that the businesss innovation, achieve great efficiency and effective and customer server. There ar a range of management system can be revered by IS in a business as illustrating below.Transaction processing systems TIPS, is to serve operational management in the business, can track those transaction In the dally routine that are need to be conduct the business, such as order processing and payroll Management Information system MIS, are designating to serve the middle management In the business, which are basically solve the routine questions that have been predefined In advance, and and so the flexibility and analytical capability are limited in MIS however, there is a system that can support narration decision making in the middle manage, which is known as Decision- support systemADS, is indifferent to MIS, ADS can solve problems that are unique and quickly changing from a variety of models, by condensing a large quantities of data into a way that deci sion maker can analyze them directly, overly a user-friendly software can support the decision making in a more efficiency way executive director support systemsSEES, address neurotic decisions that are required certain Judgment, evaluation, and insight In the senior management, by providing data in the form of harts and graphs delivered from portals applying several versed and external information.IS facilitates business models for users to take advantages from network economics, based on a large network of usage, firms abilities to create network with each other, strategy allow a company to use the capabilities of other to build, market ad distribute services and rock-steadys by using network connection to other firms. For the business ecosystem, customers can apply all the value from multiple industries work, consequently, IS support a dense network of interactions within those firm that as participated in it. Furthermore, the Supply Chain managementSCM, is used to remediat e the coordination of supplier, distribution and good or service production, which are focusing on upstream information flow, in order to reduce costs associated with raw materials, and components from suppliers and thus accelerate product development.If SCM can be successfully executed in the organization, inventory costs would be reduced significantly, thereafter revenue growth and expediency in customer services. The answer here should be a single integrated argument that demonstrates that you understands how different types of information systems affect (I) managerial efficiency (it) managerial effectiveness and (iii) the competitive positioning of organization. In order to achieve a competitive advantage, companies are consider to be using IS with precise coordination of technology and management in the organization. The research have been shown that a firm can align IS with the businesss goal, the more profitable it would be, but there are only a few firms has been achieve a lignment of IT with their business.To identify the types of systems that provide a strategic advantage, manager need to perform IS effectively to align with their business, according to the Australian Largest publicly listed company, Coles group, we can clearly see how a successful operation linked to Porters competitive five forces models, the strategies in Coles group are determined by competition with its conventional direct competitors, as such the strategic position of the firm are not only affected by the only one factor, but also the new market entrant, substitute products ND services by using new technologies, since the more substitute products in the industry, the less the pricing control and the demoralize profit margin among the group one of the important factor in Coles would be considered as the ability of attracting the customers, to minimizing those customers to switch to other competitor, Coles need to remain their good and services in a substantial price level. Fi nally the impact of supplier would be larger, if the firm cannot increase prices as fast as the supplier does.

Quality Management within Toyota Motor Company Essay

AbstractThis paper explores multiple published articles discussing Toyota push play alongs strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats. A review of Toyotas decisions to hide heavy information prior to recalls leads us to a discussion of where Toyota can go from here. The paper includes recommendations for Toyota take follow in order to relocation forward after their 2010 recalls. In addition, organisational changes will assist Toyota ram Company in overcoming their recall problems. graphic symbol care within Toyota motor CompanyAfter a rate of discouraging recalls at Toyota Motor Company in 2010, a number of quality management techniques were implemented. Toyota Motor Companys SWOT Analysis played into the newly implemented quality management techniques. Toyotas strengths allowed them to fight back quickly against these recalls that could have in the long run led to Toyotas fall from one of the top motor companys. Toyota Motor Companys strengths include dominant posit ion in the food marketplace, vehement brand course credit, strong taper on research and development, and broad crossingion and distribution lucre. In addition to Toyotas strengths, their weaknesses were reviewed in order to find opportunities to capitalize upon. The recalls were obviously a large weakness at Toyota. Opportunities were reviewed which included the growth of the spheric automotive industry. Last, Toyotas threats were reviewed. Here it was found that powerful competition is a worry for Toyota Motor Company.After the review of Toyota Motor Companys SWOT Analysis, the exhaust of the recalls was assessed. Analysis shows the issue within Toyota Motor Company did not appear overnight. However, cheeseparing management styles let the company astray. A diagram was created by functional area to summarize how Toyota has responded to these recall problems. The functional areas reviewed include management, production design and safety, quality, and manufacturing.Last, the epitome of Toyota Motor Companys recall and quality management issues are discussed from a point of solving the problem. Recommendations are discussed that will swear out Toyota Motor Company to turn their weaknesses into strengths. Method DiscussionSWOT AnalysisInternalFactorsStrengthsWeaknessesProduct Dominant position in the marketplace slopped brand recognition Strong focus on Research & Development Broad production and distribution lucre Product recalls have the ability to negatively affect brand characterisation Declining gross revenue in crucial geographic areasExternalFactorsOpportunitiesThreatsCompetition Growth of the global automotive industry Potential benefit from partnering with BMWThe outlook for the new global car market is strong Powerful competition Appreciation of the Japanese Yen Environmental regulationsNatural disastersStrengths. Toyota has a number of internal product strengths as noted in the SWOT Analysis table above. Toyotas market share in 2011 was 1 6.5 percent,its highest market share in 4 years. This strong market share allowed Toyota to hold a competitive advantage against their competition. In addition to holding a dominant position in the marketplace, Toyota possesses strong brand recognition through a number of brands. These brands include Toyota, Lexus, Prius, Corolla, Yaris, Camry, Sequoia, 4Runner, Scion tC, Highlander, Land Cruiser, and a number of some other brand names. These brands are some of the most desired premium brands in the world according to the Company Profile report for Toyota Motor Company documented by MarketLine. Another strength of Toyota is their strong attention to research and development. fit to the Company Profile report, Toyotas focus on research and development is pointed towards the creation of new and improved products.Research and development operations are conducted at 14 facilities located around the world. This strength has allowed Toyota to increase the technology included in existi ng products. One of these products, a Pre-collision System (PCS) helps drivers avoid collisions. Overall, the strong focus on research and development has been a big strength for Toyota. Last, Toyotas production and distribution network has been a big strength for the company. Toyota produces automobiles, related parts, and other components through more than 50 manufacturing companies throughout 27 countries and regions, not including Japan. As mentioned on the Toyota Motor Company website, major locations include Japan, the United States, Canada, the United Kingdom, France, Turkey, Thailand, China, Taiwan, India, Indonesia, federation Africa, Australia, Argentina, and Brazil.As reported by Toyota Motor Company, during financial year 2013 the company had consolidated vehicle sales totals of 8.871 billion units (TCM, 2013). As reported by Toyota Motor Company, this was an increase of 1.519 million units compared to the previous fiscal year. In addition to the widespread production of Toyota products, the company has a large distribution network. Toyotas distribution network is one of the largest in Japan encompassing four sales channels (Toyota, Toyopet, Corolla, and Netz). In 2012 the distribution network of these channels was comprised of 283 dealers. In addition to this network, Toyota operates over clxx Lexus sales channels in Japan. As reported by Toyota Motor Company, in fiscal year 2013 these networks accounted for the following vehicle sales Japan sales totaled 2.279 million unitsIn North America vehicle sales totaled 2.469 million unitsIn Europe vehicle sales totaled 799,085 unitsAsia came in at total vehicle sales of 1.684 million unitsCentral and South America, Oceania and Africa came in at 1.640 million units As you can see, Toyotas distribution network is widespread allowing for diversification and a wide reach of backing, at last boosting revenues and sales. Weaknesses. A large focus of the case study focuses on the weakness of Toyotas produ ct recalls. As many are aware, Toyota has encountered a number of recalls in the recent past. It is a concern that these recalls could negatively affect Toyotas brand imagine ultimately leading to decreased sales for the company. When searching for Toyota recalls it was easy to find a few recent recalls. The most recent is a recall of 700,000 Toyota Prius models which were recalled over electronic issues in the United States (csmonitor.com, 2014).Another truly recent recall includes certain versions of the Lexus RX crossover. In this case, more than 261,000 vehicles are being recalled due to a brake issue (csmonitor.com, 2014). In addition to the many recalls, Toyota has been involved in a number of lawsuits. In December 2012, Toyota settled a suit by paying $17.4 million to the National High counseling Traffic Safety Administration to settle claims related to the June 2012 recall of potential accelerator pedal entrapment issues. This bad press will ultimately result in a negative effect on consumers confidence in Toyotas brand. In addition, the settlement of suits ultimately decreases Toyotas profits. As a result of this bad press Toyota saw a decline in 2012 sales in important geographic areas. Declining sales in fiscal year 2012 were seen across North America, Asia, and Europe. Opportunities. As reported by the article, Global automotive industry to experience modest growth in 2012, a number of opportunities exist in the global automotive industry (2012).The Japanese auto industry responded from natural disasters which had caused reduced inventories and production. It is forecasted that the industry will continue to grow increase Toyota revenues. In June of 2012, BMW and Toyota signed a long-term partnership. The two companies are partnering on the developments that will help to increase market share and sales. This relationship is expected to increase technology between the two companies aswell as result in new product development. In addition to these op portunities, the new car market is experiencing moderate growth which will assist in increased sales and profits. Threats. Intense competition in the worldwide car market has become very competitive. This competition will likely increase in the upcoming years as competitors add more technology and increase developments. In addition to the lifelike competition, the appreciating Japanese Yen has become a big concern for Toyota. Last, environment regulations have the potential to increase production costs. Emissions regulations that are updated periodically could cause issues in new car production.Evolvement of Quality Management IssuesAt first glance, it seems that Toyotas gas pedal issue appeared overnight. However, upon further research, evidence was found to prove the opposite. As reported in the article Secretive Culture Let Toyota Astray, evidence that Toyota cars could suddenly speed up had been piling up for years (2010). At the duration of the recalls, Toyota had cognize ab out this gas pedal problem for more than a year. The problem was stated to be Toyotas secretive corporate floriculture in Japan which ultimately conflicted with United States requirements that auto makers disclose safety threats. tonic initiatives brought to the table by Toyota have attempted to correct the previous secretive culture of Toyota. Total quality management initiatives have been put in place to assist in better customer service and safety and repair issues. correspond to Jacobs and Chase, total quality management can be defined as managing the entire organization so that it excels on all dimensions of products and services that are important to the customer (Chase and Jacobs, 2014, p. 296). The table following this discussion addresses the steps Toyota has taken in response to its recent quality recall problems.Functional AreaQuality Management StepsManagement Managing Director names to oversee any safety-related issues Top down management approachProduct Design & Saf ety Troubleshooting teams known as Swift Market Analysis Response Teams work tofind any safety issues that need to be reported Quality TAQIC Toyota Advanced Quality Information Center staffed by a group of employees who compile repair reports from dealerships worldwide 1000 engineers hired to spot-check qualityManufacturing No drastic changes to convention linesResults/DiscussionProblem SolutionAs discussed in the diagram above, there were many opportunities for Toyota after their encounter with the recall situation. Akio Toyoda, the head of the company, acted quickly by implementing a top down management approach instead of the more popular Japanese bottom up approach that slows down the decision making. In addition, Akio pare board of directors by fifty percent and cut out management layers. Akio also began meeting with his top five advisers on a weekly basis. In these meetings decisions were made quickly. Akio pushed his team to make always better cars. This change in the way the organization is managed helped Toyota to stay on top even through the recalls.Recommendationsmany recommendations have been made to assist Toyota Motor Company in improving the recall situation they encountered in 2011. Some recommendations Toyota should follow include as recommended by the North American Quality Advisory Panel include the following Give North American operations more independence in making recall decisions Strengthen quality control processesExtend development time of new products to include more safety tests Create a role of main(prenominal) Safety Technology Officer Create and launch a Safety Research Center focused on protecting the most important clientele (children, teens, and seniors) These ideas follow the concept of total quality management which focuses on two fundamental goals Careful design of the product (in the case of Toyota Motor Company, the vehicle) Ensure that Toyota Motor Company systems can produce this designin a consistent manner Quality at the source seems to be a great way for Toyota Motor Company to proceed. Quality at the source means that the person who is doing the work is taking the responsibility for making sure the work meets specifications. As antecedently discussed, safety control will be a huge initiative for Toyota Motor Company going forward.If implemented, these recommendations can do a lot to help Toyota Motor Company increase their organizational effectiveness. As previously discussed, many organizational steps were taken by Akio Toyoda after these recalls. It seems that Toyota could greatly benefit from organizational learning. As stated by Operations and Supply Chain Management, it has been argued that organizational learning is critical to sustaining a competitive advantage (Chase and Jacobs, 2014, p. 138). Organizational realignment was important to Toyota Motor Company after the 2010 and 2011 recalls. According to a Toyota news release in December of 2008 organizational changes include the esta blishment of the belowA Government and creation Affairs mathematical group which was focused on quick response to inquiries from around the world while also unifying public affairs functions. An Accounting Group aimed at strengthening the logical argument management and financial management system of Toyota Motor Company. A Europe and Africa Operations Group intended to assist with business planning in African and Central Asia. The group was also established to conduct business promotion events in both Europe and Africa. A merchandise Engineering Group aimed at increasing the strength of the quality control system for semiconductors for hybrid vehicles. The recommendations made are important to Toyotas future. Reorganization and creation of new groups within the organization will help Toyota to overcome these recalls.ReferencesIngram, A. (2014, Feb 12). Toyota recall 1.9 million Prius vehicles recalled to fix software glitch. Retrieved from http//www.csmonitor.com/Business/In-Ge ar/2014/0212/Toyota-recall-1.9-million-Prius-vehicles-recalled-to-fix-software-glitch Jacobs, F. R., & Chase, R. (2014). Operations and supply chain management. (14 ed.). New York, NY

Assess Reasons

Assess the reasons why Thatchers economic policies were controversial There is little which unites Thatchers passionate supporters, and every bit passionate critics. However, both camps would agree that she was, without question, one of the most controversial prime ministers the UK has seen, and her economic policies were at the heart of that controversy. She instituted an economic revolution in the KICK, bringing the post-war consensus to a crashing halt, and replacing it with a free-market ideology which remains in place today.So there is surprisingly little controversy over whether she was successful in implementing her policies, but quite the controversy is whether her economic policy successes were either necessary or desirable. There is no answer to this conundrum, as all answer must be strung-out upon the values of the beholder. All of her individual policies, such(prenominal) as monetarism, prevarication, and trade union reform, generated their own controversies, but perha ps the greatest controversy was over the sort of estate which those reforms created.The first, and perhaps most controversial, economic policy Thatcher imposed was monetarism. This theory, described as crazy by revises Tory Chancellor, Reginald Maudlin, envisaged controlling inflation through restricting the money supply, and Thatcher locomote quickly in her first term to implement it, through a squeeze on frequent spending and an increase in interest rate to a high of 17% to restrict borrowing. The first controversy was whether monetarism heretofore worked. Supporters argued that it was responsible for bringing inflation down from 19% in 1979, to 5% in 1983.Opponents, on the other hand, argued that this had more to do with the descent of the UK economy into recession during Thatchers first term, and a crease in the price of oil following the Iranian revolution in 1979. Perhaps a clue as to the correct answer can be found in Thatchers quiet abandonment of any attempts to contro l the money supply early in her second term. Nevertheless, almost irrespective of whether monetarism directly lowered inflation, what is not in dispute is that it did cause a rapid growth in unemployment, from 5. 7% in 1979 to 13% in 1982.As unemployment topped mm, higher than at any time since the great depression of the sass, riots stony-broke out in major cities, with particularly severe violence in Text and Britton. The depth of the controversy over the economic choices Thatcher was making can be illustrated not only by burning barricades in the inner cities, but also by the arguments within her own Cabinet, with the wets, led by Jim Prior, urging her to stir course. Ultimately, the most significant controversy over monetarism was that all governments since the war had seen the maintenance of full employment as their primary economic policy goal.Thatcher saw unemployment, even mass unemployment, as a price worth paying for controlling inflation, which she saw as a greater evil . The fact that monetarism inspired riots, furious public opposition, and internal dissent, might imply that it was the most controversial of her economic policies. Nevertheless, even after the abandonment of monetarism, Thatchers next flagship economic policy was to inspire yet more controversy the crushing of the trade unions.Thatcher saw the Unions as the enemy within, and blamed them for the defeat of the last Conservative government in 1974. Again breakout with the post-war consensus, she saw trade unions not as partners to work as part of a troika with Government and employers, UT as implacable foes of the free-market. She gambled that the Winter of discontented had undermined support for unions, and set out to destroy their influence. First she passed three Employment Acts in 1 980, 1 982 and 1 984, and then she defeated both the miners and the print-workers in their respective strikes.Even her opponents would concede that she was extremely successful in achieving her goal s, as union membership fell from 50% of the workforce in 1979 to less than 35% in 1 990, while strike days lost fell from 29. Mm in 1979 to 1 -mm in 1990. However, it was those goals which ere controversial, and again, that controversy was based on different views Of what a Governments priority should be. Other post-War Governments had accepted the concept that improving terms and conditions, and seeking to obtain increases in touchable engage for employees, was a desirable goal.Thatcher and her supporters, however, took the view that such aims were impediments to the functioning of a free-market, in which employers could only compete effectively if they had the right to hire and fire at will, and if employees could be forced to accept lower wages and less secure terms and notations. If previous Governments had seen their role as a neutral arbiter between workers and managers, Thatcher placed the government very firmly nates managers and owners of businesses, while arguing that t his was also in the interests of employees.At the time, the controversy centered on the immediate struggles of the Miners Strike and the Yapping Dispute, with whole communities in mining areas laid waste. However, perhaps the real controversy is over the impact of the policy in the longer term. Thatchers supporters argue that breaking the unions led to more efficient businesses, deter able to compete in the global marketplace, and point to such evidence as in increase in growth rates from an average of 1. % in the period 1950-79, to 2. 1% in 1979-90. The opposing argument, however, is that while the GAP of the UK rose by 108% in the thirty years after Thatchers election, the proportion of GAP paid in wages has declined from 65% to less than 50%, with a far higher proportion of GAP going to the wealthiest in society through non-wage income such as dividends and bonuses.

Beyond Beyond Fashion

There is a lampoon of my authorship teacher When we finish reading an essay, rootage he asks What is it about? We answer, then he asks If thats not what the essay is about, then what is it about? So we answer again, striving to squeeze out every molt of intelligence out of our brain cells. Repetitively, later on we are willingly tortured by this same question for three more rounds, the essence of the essay shows up. This was precisely the same feeling I received from the exhibition Charles James Beyond Fashion, displayed by the Costume Institution of the Metropolitan Museum ofArt. Throughout the exhibition, I was asked this question over and over again If dash is not what the exhibition about, then what? Started from Maya and lasting until August 10, the special exhibition of Costume Institute of Metropolitan Museum presents the audience signature pieces of Charles James, an Anglo fashion designer who was active during the post-WWW 20th century in America. The exhibition i s held in the special exhibition galleries on the Museums first floor and The Costume Institutes Anna spend Costume Center on the ground floor, including one small adjunct hall presentation documents.Fifteen plaining ball g makes and about fifty ready-to- wears are displayed. With intricate costumes, James first of all stood out as a king of fabric sculptor without crown beyond the simple definition of a fashion designer who made clothes that fit in the trend. The costumes were indeed amazing- quoting the most commonly used invent of the visitors. James original spiral cut, almost unlined design and the free draping technique are still not nearly comparable in the present day.They were not Just fashion, but sculptures that go almost human dust with full artistry and could stand the test of pure aesthetic examination. However, if the costumes were examined even beyond their tags of fashion and beyond their sculptural appearances, the intention of these designs was genuinely in some degree provoking, if we examine the quotes of James that were written on the skirts of the halls. A quote of James revealed that his ideal of fashion was largely sexual. The feminine figure, he believed, was intrinsically wrong.Thereby he claimed, All my seams have meaning, they emphasize something about the body. In this steering, he striver to perfect the female body, however destroying the natural knockout of female odd at the same time. As a result, the innate motive beyond the fashion appearance of these designs was sexism aesthetics of the traditional malpractice, which should have been eliminated a long time ago. James fastidious and male-centric aesthetic of female figure beyond his ability as an artist was further revealed by details in his designs. In the actual practice, James overemphasized the female parts.First, the tops gather into sharp and pointing horn. This design was made possible by darts of the gowns tops following the traditional rococo corset, wh ich once made the teenage arils and young wives waistlines tiny but at the same time cruelly took away many of their lives. At the same time, the bottoms of gowns unfold widely. Either the gowns had big volume of piled-up drapes on the hip, or they were supported directly by two bustles, which was also a typical classic masculine aesthetic that addressed females ability of bearing kids.Overall, James costumes remade a womens body into a funnel shape. In addition, the bosoms were preferably shaped as cones, which presented women lasciviously. Even in the Victorian times, this male-dominant esthetics was giggly controversial for these characteristics defined females simply attractive in the way of a reproduction and bearing machine. In the post World War II America, after the liberation of female body brought by the H dresses, this Victorian renaissance was a recess that brought female back into the prison of clothes.Rather, in todays aspect, these aesthetics of female body are morbi d. For females, it is the blood and tears in females costume history. These characteristics, as beautiful as some might consider, are dross of the Victorian culture that should neer be reused to improve he figure or even hinted in a modern design. I have to say, peeking into the motive of the designer, I saw an selfish though man who are arrogant in the way he examining females. Finally, the end of the exhibition explored what truly was beyond this fashion designer Charles James explored even deeper.Beyond a fashion godfather, a king of fabric sculpturing, and a self-involved and orthodox masculine artiest, the documentary hall showed James as a person. conventional mannequins and sketches were shown. While at the meantime, the document room also showed he videos clips of James kissing his finale model on her cheek before going on the runway, and an important list of celebrities and artists typed by James that James would like to design for. The tone of the list was playful, iron ic and effusive. There were as well glowing critics, basically eulogies.In this room, though most people do not linger in it, the most interesting education what the artist was available, and it gave anyone who wanted to look deeper into the motive and brainchild of him a lucid answer genially eccentric, Charles James boldness and arrogance toward there led to his unceasing pursuit of perfection and the exploration of impossibility, which explained his surprising designs and the elaborate way of fabricating the costumes. As an exhibition of the Metropolitan museum, there were some commendable displaying methods in this exhibition indeed.The exhibition started with a theatrical opening. At the entrance, the world darkened down, and with the wall showing the name of the exhibition and a classic walking mannequin (a woman-shape body model) of James, the bright outer world and the dark inside world were understandably vided. There was as if a magical twilight moment, indicating the a rrival of something brilliant in the darkness. After the prologue, I was almost brought into Sesames studio on 699 Madison thoroughfare by muslin samples of his gowns posing around his famous butterfly sofa, recreating the scene of the studio and the salon of James.Inside the hall, the gowns were arranged in a spiral shape, going around his best- known chef-doeuvre Clover Leaf Ball Gown 1953. The x-ray analysis as well as the animation simulator explained the inner structure of the clothes by showing the involutes plastic bones and complicated drapes in the layers of fabric. The application of new technology treated fashion so scientifically -as if a real piece of computer architecture-that it gave even the most general audience a chance to think about the materialist word fashion in a whole new way.On the pads that showed the information of exhibits, a few hints about this sexual intentions of James designs by showing the costumes of inspiration from the Victorian time, without e xplaining the underlying meaning of the original design. Though implicit about the word sexual, Hess pictures purposefully gave the audience a clue to the intention but still left them room to think that what was truly beyond fashion beside the artsy structure, allowing their own interpretation.Deliberately, the exposition of the clothes revealed the museums respect to the master James, for his elaborate effort paid beneath the fabric. Furthermore, the exhibitions respect was also to the audience, as the museum brought fashion back to the ground, accessible to a general audience, while it respect the individual thinking by leading the audience to think about what was truly beyond cushion instead of expectant out a definite answer. Still, compare to the art value of the exhibits, the display of the exhibition was fairly not a highlight.The lighting in the main halls was a disaster. Firstly, the semi-dark lighting environment in the black hall was a click. Comparing to other costume exhibitions at the Met Museum, this technique was so widely used that this trick did not tell anything about the artist. It was even anti-characteristic. James had a preference for dark colors. However, the semi darkness created a hostile environment for the audience to hold back the details. Especially since flash was not allowed, without a professional camera, I could not capture any details of the dark coats and gowns beside their silhouettes.And since the photos could not be used as long-term documents, the educational function of the museum in this aspect was largely sacrificed. Additionally, the semi-darkness also brought a sense of heaviness to the costumes. To illustrate, one of the best-known gown called Swan was named for the lighting of the peplum, which was composed of six layers of delicate chiffon. Nonetheless, with the lighting, I did not see the eighteens at all because the semi-dark casting light could not go through and light up the costume like natural light.The refore, what I saw was an impenetrable broom instead of the airy dress, which was not influenced by gravity. Overall, the display was mismatched with the costumes, even though there were few novel techniques applied. The masterpieces were as if sunk in a Jar platitude. The title Beyond Fashion made me feel confused and enthrall when I first stepped in that dark hall, yet I felt illuminated and preoccupied when I stepped back to the bright outer world. The exhibition successfully pushed one to think about the essence beyond appearance by presenting the costumes in different layers and angles.An audience could feel the question of what was beyond fashion passim the exhibition. The magic would not happen until the very end, where one could confidently give out his/her own answer, like the answer to fifth round of questioning of my writing teacher. As for me, beyond fashion, beyond structure, beyond male chauvinism and beyond all his drama, I saw an aloof, fastidious, nostalgic, self- involved, narcissistic yet incredibly serious and personality about fashion soul of this master, this man.

Child Development and Attachment Theory

In this essay I will critically consider how social workers can use their apprehension of Child Development and Attachment Theory in the assessment of children and families. To do this I will first discuss the aims of assessment in enact to call down about how Development and Attachment theory can be use by social workers to meet these aims as well as the limitations of these theories. In order to critically discuss the use of Developmental and Attachment Theory in assessment it is first strategic to understand what assessment is, and what its aims are.The assessment of children and families is nothing in the altogether but until the late 1970s it was something that was generally perceived to be a task of when children were taken into care. In 1981 it was recommended that a boarder approach should be used for children who required support but it was not until 1988 that the government produced practice guidance on assessment (Horwath, 2010). The Children Act 1989 gave local autho rities the duty of working with and livelihood carers and families of children in need defined under Part III section 17 of the Act.The focus was not just on protecting children from harm, but to a fault promoting their welfare. In 1997 the Labour Government came into power and in 1998 announced the development of a national assessment framework as part of the Governments aim to acquire services and improve outcomes for children (Horwath, 2010). In 2000 The Framework for the Assessment of Children in Need and their Families was published and emphasised the grandness of a systematic and comprehensive assessment of children and their families (Bingley-Miller and Bentovim, 2003).Its is important to note that the framework is not meant to be a checklist but rather a framework that can be used to suit individual muckle (Gray 2002), the framework is not just for social workers but has been constructed to assist practitioners in all disciplines think about what is happening to a child a nd the family. The Framework emphasises the importance of childrens development and promoting and safeguarding their welfare by preventing developmental impairment (Rose, 2010).The purpose of the framework is to see both the inner and outer worlds of children and to help the practitioner look these worlds with the child, families and others involved and come to an agreement about what is happening and what support is needed. The framework has been modelled as a triangle and represents three domains to show the key aspects of the childs inner and outer world, as shown below the triangle shows the importance of the childs development needs, parenting capacity and family and environmental factors.

Quality Child Care Matters

Mothers have quite the dilemma when deciding when and if to return to work after giving birth to a youngster. Some condemnations the natural selection is made for them due to financial reasons and some ms they have the luxury of deciding on which is the best scenario for themselves and their families. In trying to make this decision, mothers may wonder if and how their absence and the choice of fry cargon will affect their fry. In all the years I have spend in other(a) tykehood teaching and child attention, I think I have probably seen all of the scenarios and know that in that location is no one right answer.Each situation is diametric and on that point are so many vari suitables, even within each variable, however the establish is so vast that there are certainly findings to entertain almost everyone (Belsky, 2009, p. 1). In my inquiry on this delicate topic, I have come to the conclusion that the only two pointors that can predict positive outcomes for childrens l ater development is the combination of child reverence gauge and healthy family attachments and support. As you will see, there are so many variables and each plays into the other, plainly safe and secure relationships at home and in child care are the winning factors in this decades long debate. in that location are two well-known pieces of entropy that have been gathered which researchers have utilized throughout the years to study the effects of maternal duty on later development. The maiden was conducted by the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth (NLSY79) and began in 1979. The NLSY79 is a nationally representative sample of 12, 686 young men and women who were 12-22 years old when they were get-go surveyed in 1979. These individuals were interviewed annually through 1994 and are currently interviewed on a biennial basis (US Dept. f Labor, Bureau of Labor Statistics, http//www. bls. gov/nls/y79summary. htm, para. 1). In 1986, the NLSY79 was used as a separate survey o f all children born to NLSY79 female respondents to conduct more than(prenominal) child-specific information (US Dept. of Labor, Bureau of Labor Statistics, http//www. bls. gov/nls/nlsy79ch. htm, para. 8). Researchers such as Jay Belsky (1988) first utilized the NLSY79 entropy to study the effects of early and extensive maternal employment. Belsky, etc al. oncluded that children who had initiated care for 30 or more hours per week in their first year and whose care at this level continued through their preschool years evinced poorer academic and social functioning than did children whose full-time care began sometime later and that this was true whether one looked at instructor reports, parent reports, peer reports, or the childrens own self-reports (Belsky & Eggebeen, 1991, p. 1084). There were some capers with this early research and the data that was used to interpret outcomes.One of the problems was that the two groups study (maternal employment and non-maternal employmen t) were too different in so many ways. One of the most difficult methodological issues in studying this causal process is the fact that there are substantial differences between women who work soon after their child is born and women who do not (Hill, Waldfogel, Brooks-Gunn, & Wen-Jui, 2005, p. 834). Another problem with this wave of research was that the effects of different features of the child-care experience, particularly the quality of the care, the amount or quality of care, and the type of care (Belsky, Vandell, Burchinal, et al. 2007, p. 682) were not taken into account at the same time. prior research examined one or another feature of the child-care experience, but never all three (Belsky, Vandell, Burchinal, et al. , 2007, p. 682). The second wave of research was based on more specific data to examine the concurrent, long-term, and cumulative influences of variations in early child care experiences on the cognitive, linguistic, social, emotional, and physical developmen t of infants and toddlers (Friedman, NICHD, 1992, p. 1. . These researchers were interested not only in the effects of child-care, but the endurance of effects (Belsky, Vandell, & Burchinal, 2007, p. 682). They continued to follow up with children from 4 ? 11 years of age. This goal of this study was accomplished through the death penalty of a study design that takes into account the complex concurrent, long-term and cumulative interactions among characteristics of the family and home, of the child care environments, and of the child (Friedman, 1992, p. 6).Researchers such as Jennifer Hill and Jane Waldfogel (2005) utilized the NICHD data to determine the effects of maternal employment with easier access to more varied situations. They broke up their results into four categories Comparisons Between Worked After maiden Year and never Worked, Comparisons Between Worked Part Time in the source Year and Did Not Work Until After the First Year, Comparisons Between Worked Full Time i n the First Year Versus Did Not Work Until After the First Year, and Comparisons Between Worked Full Time in the First Year Versus Worked Part Time in the First Year (pp. 839-842).These researchers concluded that negative effects of maternal employment on childrens cognitive outcomes were found in our analyses primarily for children whose mothers were employed full time in the first year postbirth as compared with children whose mothers postponed work until after their childs first year of life and alike as compared with mothers who worked part time in the first year. Negative effects in terms of increased externalizing behavioral problems were evident in each of these comparisons involving mothers who worked full time in the first year (Hill, Waldfogel, Brooks-Gunn, and Hann, 2005, p. 44). Although the use of the NICHD study did allow researchers to analyze the data utilizing more correlations between diverse situations, there is even later research that delves even deeper into th e abstruse bag of maternal work situations, family dynamics, home-life, child-care situations, etc. Heather Joshi, et al. , extended the studies even further by including events such as, additional information concerning the types of jobs that they return to are these jobs routinized or do they provide a degree of autonomy (2008, p. ). Also included in these studies is the interactions between our maternal employment measures and additional maternal characteristics and behaviors and the differences by grammatical gender (Joshi, Cooksey, Verropoulou, Menaghan, & Tzavidis, 2008, p. 2). The results of these more recent studies lend only limited support to negative effect of mothers employment per se during infancy and the pre-school years on later child well-being (Joshi, Cooksey, Verropoulou, Menaghan, & Tzavidis, 2008, p. ). The extent and expansion of variables for research surrounding maternal employment continues to grow. Joshi, et al. , are currently working on expanding on thei r position of both maternal employment and maternal/family background variables Joshi, Cooksey, Verropoulou, Menaghan, & Tzavidis, 2008, p. 3) which should be completed sometime in 2009 (the results for which I have not yet been able to locate). There are four questions that have motivated current research on this topic.They have been identified as Does extensive child care in the first year of life disrupt attachment between mother and child, what is the influence of varying types of in child care quality on childrens development, do long hours spent in child-care add to later behavior problems, and what are the effects of the types of child-care that are available? Mother- barbarian Attachment The earliest studies surrounding maternal employment and attachment came up with many mixed results which is one of the main reasons that the NICHD decided to begin their own study (1986). Assessment of the mother-child attachment relationship is made utilize various measures, including th e Strange Situation (Friedman, NICHD, 1992, p. 12). The Strange Situation was a mental study designed by Mary D. Ainsworth which consisted of eight episodes presented in a standardize order for all subjects (1978, pp. 32-33) which tested the reactions of children, ages 12 18 months, whilst in the presence of mother only, mother-stranger, stranger only, and alone (including the return of mother during each separation from her). correspond to the NICHD, there were no significant main effects of child-care experience (quality, amount, age of entry, stability, or type of care) on attachment security or avoidance and there were significant main effects of maternal sensitivity and responsiveness (NICHD, 1997, https//secc. rti. org/abstracts. cfm? abstract=9). These negative affects in attachment were likewise amplified when combined with poor quality child care, more than stripped amounts of child care, or more than one care arrangement (NICHD, 1997, https//secc. ti. org/abstracts. c fm? abstract=9). Child Care Quality The quality of the child-care of a child proves to be one of the most important factors when addressing the impact of child-care on child development. When assessing the impact of child-care quality, it is important to look at child-staff ratio, group size, and caregiver education and/or training. The quality of the interactions between caregivers and children, between peers, as well as how caregivers facilitate these interactions is also a tremendous indicator of child-care quality.According to the NICHD, children who experience high-quality child-care have high scores on achievement and language tests, demonstrate fewer behavioral issues and better social skills. Programs like the federally funded Head Start can also function as an intervention for children from at-risk families/situations. In 2007, Belsky conducted a study based on the NICHD findings and concluded that quality and type of care remained associated with childrens vocabulary and problem behavior (2007, p. 297).In a 2002 study (also based on NICHD), researchers Hill, Waldfogel, & Brooks-Gunn concluded that children who participated in no non-maternal care and home-based, non-maternal care would have gained the most from high quality center-based care and moreover, would have more consistently remained the bulk of these benefits overtime (2002, p. 1). Hours Spent in Child Care Although the findings seem to be mixed, there is some evidence that the amount of hours spent in child care may be a cause for some behavior problems, namely aggressive behavior.The NICHD researchers (Belsky, Hill), did conclude that children with more experience in child-care centers were rated by their teachers as showing somewhat more disruptive behavior in sixth grade (National Scientific Council on the developing Child, n. d. , p. 2), but more recent research (Joshi, Cooksey, et al. ) explored various interactions between our maternal employment measures and additional maternal c haracteristics and behaviors (2008, p. 2) to be added risk factors for behavioral issues. Type of Child Care There are also mixed findings in the effects of the type of child care situation a young child experiences.I feel rather strongly that a primary caregiver relationship is best for the young infants entering child care (whether it be in a more formal, group care setting or a private situation). Unfortunately most group child care programs do not pop the question a primary caregiver model which definitely contributes to the disorganization and unpredictability of the care that a child receives. With a primary care model, caregivers can go on a stronger attachment than might happen if attachment were left to chance or if all the caregivers relate to the whole group without differentiation (Gonzalez-Mena, 2007, p. 49).Penelope Leach, et al. also state that children who experience greater caregiver stability while attending early years settings have been found to have more secur e relationships with their caregivers and to show higher degrees of social competence (2008, p. 180). When child care provider implement practices that support child development (whether it be group care of private care), the results are positive. What it all seems to come down to is that the effects of maternal employment are complex and vary from family to family, child care situation to child care situation, and maternal(p) style/characteristics.The NICHD researchers clearly suggest that we seek to move beyond the determination of possible risks that may be presented by child care as a unitary category. Rather, we want to find out how the effects of non-maternal care vary as a function of different variables such as child care quality, the extent of its use, characteristics of the children and of their family and home (Friedman, NICHD, 1992, p. 10). These factors combined with family income/education and child gender make for a very complicated study.One factor seems to influenc e the other and there are so many variables. The one thing that does stand out in all of the research is that developmental outcomes are dependent upon the quality of child care and family dynamics. When a child is feeling supported by both his/her parents and the people that care for him/her, the outcomes are favorable. Quality child care programs support cognitive, physical, social-emotional development, but unfortunately so many families do not have access to these programs due to their lack of availability and the high cost of most quality programs.A proof in point is that I am currently a private child care provider and due to my expertise, I am able to charge higher evaluate than others in my field, but only families that can afford these rates are able to hire me. The sad thing is that a national study of 100 child care centers found that 92% of them provided inadequate care to infants and it was reported that two in five centers were rated less than minimal (FSU Center for saloon & Early Intervention insurance policy, http//www. peip. fsu. edu/resourceFiles/resourceFile_81. pdf). Keep in mind that these figures are based on child care centers with varied tuition rates in various parts of the county. Those numbers are just staggering and unacceptable, but make perfect sense when you take into account that child care providers are usually not professionally trained or minimally trained and receive very low wages. Teacher training and regulations on child care centers are getting stricter which is a good sign.More and more mothers are returning to work and it is only cost effective that the investments we make in early child care practices will result in better adjusted and academically successful children in the years to come. References Ainsworth, M. (1978). Patterns of attachment a psychological study of the strange situation Philadelphia Laurence Earlbaum Associates, Inc. Belsky, J. & Eggebeen, D. (1991, January 1). Early and extensive maternal emp loyment and young childrens socioemotional development children of the national longitudinal survey of youth.Journal of sum and the Family, 53(4), 1083-98. (ERIC papers Reproduction Service No. EJ440714). Retrieved imposing 15, 2009 from ERIC database. Belsky, J. , Vandell, D. , Burchinal, M. , Clark-Stewart, K. , McCartney, K. , & Owen, M. (2007, March 1). Are there long-term effects of early child care?. Child Development, 78(2), 681-701, (ERIC inventory Reproduction Service No. EJ756658). Retrieved August 15 From ERIC database. Belsky, J. (2009, March). Effects of child care on development. Institute for the Study of Children, Families and Social Issues. Birkbeck University of London.Gonzalez-Mena, J. Infants, toddlers, and caregivers. Boston McGraw-Hill. FSU Center for Prevention & Early Intervention Policy. (n. d. ). Research on quality child care For infants and toddlers. Retrieved August 25, 2009 from https//www. cpeip. fsu. edu. Hill, J. , Waldfogel, J. , & Brooks-Gunn, J. (2002, September 1). Different effects of high quality Care. Journal of Policy Analysis and Management, 21(4), 601-627. (ERIC Document Reproduction Service No. EJ772831). Retrieved August 15, 2009 from ERIC database. Hill, J. , Waldfogel, J. , Brooks-Gunn, J. , & Han, W. (2005, November 1).Maternal employment and child development a fresh look using newer methods. developmental Psychology, 41(6), 833-850. (ERIC Document Reproduction Service No. EJ733669). Retrieved August 25, 2009. Joshi, H. , University of London, Cooksey, E. , The Ohio State University, Verropoulou, G. , University of Piraeus, Menaghan, E, The Ohio State University, & Tzavidis, N. , University of Manchester. (2008). Combining childrearing with work do maternal employment experiences compromise child development. Retrieved August 12, 2009 from http//iussp2009. princeton. edu/download. aspx? submissionId=92322.Leach, P. Barnes, J. , Malmberg, L. , Sylva, K. , & Stein, A. (2008, February 1). The quality of differe nt types of child care at 10 and 18 months a comparison between types and factors related to quality. Early Child Development and Care, 178(2), 177-209. (ERIC Document Reproduction Service No. EJ782856). Retrieved August 15, 2009 from ERIC database. Motherhood-extent and effects of maternal employment. (n. d. ). Retrieved August 26, 2009 from http//family. jrank. org/pages/1187/Motherhood-Extent-Effects-Maternal- Employment. html National Scientific Council on the Developing Child.Scientific briefs how early child care affects later development. (2007). Retrieved August 12, 2009 from http//www. developingchild. net. The National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD) Study of Early Child Care A comprehensive Longitudinal Study of Young Childrens Lives. (1992, June 1). (ERIC Document Reproduction Service No. ED353087). Retrieved August 15, 2009 from ERIC database. NICHD Early Child Care Research Network. (1987). The effects of infant child care on infant- Mother atta chment security results of the NICHD Study of Early Child Care. Child Development, 68.

Speech Writing

Read the following intervention and consider the views of both the teacher and her students. Write a rescue for the school Science Club. In your lyric describe some of the ways children drug ab engagement engineering precautions children could take for health and safety views of older generations towards engine room give your own views Base your speech on the ideas found in the banter and be thrifty to practice your own linguistic process. You should write between lo and 2 sides, allowing for the size of your handwriting.Up to ten marks atomic number 18 functional for the content of your answer and up to fifteen marks for the quality Of your writing. After a Communication Studies lesson, the teacher, Mrs. Trapdoor, and deuce-ace students discuss modern engineering science. Mrs. Trapdoor That lesson makes me more worried than ever nigh your physical well being. Surely its non a good matter that you occasion modern technology to escape from reality so practically ? Brat So, what do you do to escape from the filtratees of your job? No doubt you up the rule book on your stainless music in the car or watch the latest soap opera on television.Either way, its not that different. Mrs. Trapdoor Okay, we all need to switch off now and then, but the kids see argon permanently drug-addicted up to some gad loll that Stops them communicating with others. My son is constantly in his own belch if hes not on the phone to a friend then hes shuffling and focused on his music player, and dont sustain me started on these smart games and films he watches on a ridiculously teensy-weensy screen. catkin Its the latest technology. It solves the conundrum of what film you all want to watch on television.Hes just zoning out its what we all do. In your solar twenty-four hours you would have gone to your room. Well, now we can block out situations hat are songful. Mrs. Trapdoor What? Like family heart? You see thats what worries me. Hes t here(predicate)(p redicate) in the room with us, but hes not really there. Ail Well, it depends on how naughty up the gaudiness is I can easily listen to my music as well as bloodline in to whats being said around me. If my female parent starts an argument, then I just cover the volume up to the maximum Brat Thats how I like to listen to my music nanny. Loud.Mrs. Trapdoor You see that also concerns me. bleak studies prove it is dangerous to listen to really loud music as it can cause auditory sense loss. 25 ament Well, what astir(predicate) you and your laptop? Youre always hunched over it typing, risking injury to your back and your hands. You see, you condemn our use of technology, but you forget how much people older than us rely on it. Plus, if any matter goes wrong with your stark naked devices, you usually ask us to fix it. Mrs. Trapdoor Okay, I know you belong to the technological society, but it doesnt haul me worrying to the highest degree your health.My laptop isnt a miniscule gadget that requires me to risk my eyesight to see the screen. The keys on your game players are so micro that you could suffer from repetitive strain injury or til now arthritis in the future. Catkin get your point. However, we know that we should have breaks when our eyes get tired or our fingers ache. Mrs. Trapdoor What round the dangers of walking around or cycling whilst the latest rap song is blaring in your ears? Youre short to the traffic around you and you risk being in an accident.Whats more, someone could attack you as you wouldnt be alert of their presence. Ail It is stupid to lock yourself up in your own world in a use up city, but is it precise different from adult motorists talking on their mobiles and causing accidents? Mrs. Trapdoor But its in cities where I see most teenagers not interacting with hats going on around them, and they dont correct mutter please or thank you to others who serve them. Ail You cant blame these devices for bad manners. Dont tell m e that adults arent tempted to block out the noise and stress of public transportI saw an old guy with headphones on in the subway, blissfully unsuspecting of his surroundings. Mrs. Trapdoor E genuinelyone over thirty looks old to you lot My point is still relevant. Im not just concerned about noise. Ive however heard of discos where teenagers listen and dance to their own choice of music on their own headphones. Catkin Hey, thats a good idea The world is changing. By the way, is that your cell phone ringing? A very warm welcome to one and all in the Science Club Does any one here know that technology could be dated back to the pre historic era?Well, before we get into that, lets rig technology. As we all know , our lives revolve around technological advancements right from basic appliances like a fan or assembly line conditioner to your Phone. Engineers all over the world strive to improve the quality of manner, by inventing user friendly devices by which, life becomes comfor table. Who could say NO to ease and luxury in the fast progress world Nicola Tests, the father of modern technology, as ridiculed by scientists then for inventing very important tools like the radio, Cray & the AC and DC motor.Some did not accept his theory, but least did they imagine, so many years later a life without these modern appliances. Technology should be encouraged when it comes to enriching a persons being. The very discovery of the flint stone is considered a technological advancement without which the discovery of fire would have been next to impossible. As the saying goes Necessity is the spawn of invention, the thirst and desire to learn and aspire is what drove cave man to improve his lifestyle. If only he did not do so, we would all remain in darkness till date.Since then, discoveries big or small have had a positive impact on the outlook of people and the way they choose to trinity life. Not only has technology impacted the world towards fun and enjoyment, but also helped him have a larger life span , thanks to the advancements in the field Of healthcare. Technology alone has helped diagnose and get over life threatening diseases that could possibly wipe out our very existence on this planet. Hence, encouraging much(prenominal) endeavourers is an important step towards a healthy life. The past decade has seen profound increase in the use of entertainment technology by children, some as young as 1 year of age.It is weighty to find kids who would prefer playing basket ball in the open to a SSP indoors. Doctors world immense believe , that attachment to technology has detached children from humanity as they would interact better with a Graphical User porthole than a fellow human being. Brain development research suggests that the frontal cortex of a childs learning ability is at risk where he looses impulse control and becomes more violent. Apart from this, the Electromagnetic radiations that are emitted from these gadgets are remarr y causes of sensory and motor disorders in children.Being a couch potato , with a TV opposed in one hand and a snack in the other is one such thing you cant miss in a household with kids. Unhealthy snacking and lack of physical exercise and fresh argumentation causes obesity which endanger their lifespan. However, recent advancements in the field of modern gadgets does cause concern in the minds of the preliminary generation. The pods and loud music , generally used to De-stress, by teenagers causes serious hearing disorders. Decades ago, fun was about conflict up with friends and family over a social adhering, and now that children prefer chatting online to face-off up, parents do get a little worried.The worry ends up in reflecting badly on technological improvements. Besides, they overlook the fact that up to now they require gadgets to complete their daily tasks even as simple as sending an email and cycle to youngsters to certain stuff they cant handle. Overall, rating technological advancements as a bane would be unfair to the fork over generation has it has so many positives to it. To wrap up my speech, would like to say a few voice communication on how a rational use of technology could improve the outlook of children.Firstly, to the parents who think advancements would prove to be a disadvantage to their children, I suggest they ensure the exposure is under their supervision and subtly handled. Secondly, technology is a limitless field of science where there is so much to learn and gather that, exposing our kids to it, would play positive results as they would learn so much more.Speech WritingRead the following discussion and consider the views of both the teacher and her students. Write a speech for the school Science Club. In your speech describe some of the ways children use technology precautions children could take for health and safety views of older generations towards technology give your own views Base your speech on the ideas found in the discussion and be minute to use your own words. You should write between lo and 2 sides, allowing for the size of your handwriting.Up to ten marks are easy for the content of your answer and up to fifteen marks for the quality Of your writing. After a Communication Studies lesson, the teacher, Mrs. Trapdoor, and triad students discuss modern technology. Mrs. Trapdoor That lesson makes me more worried than ever about your physical well being. Surely its not a good thing that you use modern technology to escape from reality so lots? Brat So, what do you do to escape from the stresses of your job? No doubt you up the volume on your definitive music in the car or watch the latest soap opera on television.Either way, its not that different. Mrs. Trapdoor Okay, we all need to switch off now and then, but the kids see are permanently subordinate up to some gadget that Stops them communicating with others. My son is constantly in his own burp if hes not on the phone to a friend then hes shuffling and focused on his music player, and dont get me started on these new games and films he watches on a ridiculously small screen. Catkin Its the latest technology. It solves the puzzle of what film you all want to watch on television.Hes just zoning out its what we all do. In your day you would have gone to your room. Well, now we can block out situations hat are stressful. Mrs. Trapdoor What? Like family life? You see thats what worries me. Hes there in the room with us, but hes not really there. Ail Well, it depends on how high the volume is I can easily listen to my music as well as agate line in to whats being said around me. If my mother starts an argument, then I just turn the volume up to the maximum Brat Thats how I like to listen to my music nanny. Loud.Mrs. Trapdoor You see that also concerns me. parvenue studies prove it is dangerous to listen to really loud music as it can cause hearing loss. 25 Catkin Well, what about you and your laptop? Yo ure always hunched over it typing, risking injury to your back and your hands. You see, you condemn our use of technology, but you forget how much people older than us rely on it. Plus, if anything goes wrong with your new devices, you usually ask us to fix it. Mrs. Trapdoor Okay, I know you belong to the technological society, but it doesnt fracture me worrying about your health.My laptop isnt a miniscule gadget that requires me to risk my eyesight to see the screen. The keys on your game players are so small that you could suffer from repetitive strain injury or even arthritis in the future. Catkin get your point. However, we know that we should have breaks when our eyes get tired or our fingers ache. Mrs. Trapdoor What about the dangers of walking around or cycling whilst the latest rap song is blaring in your ears? Youre unmindful(predicate) to the traffic around you and you risk being in an accident.Whats more, someone could attack you as you wouldnt be informed of their pre sence. Ail It is stupid to lock yourself up in your own world in a grumpy city, but is it very different from adult motorists talking on their mobiles and causing accidents? Mrs. Trapdoor But its in cities where I see most teenagers not interacting with hats going on around them, and they dont even mutter please or thank you to others who serve them. Ail You cant blame these devices for bad manners. Dont tell me that adults arent tempted to block out the noise and stress of public transportI saw an old guy with headphones on in the subway, blissfully incognizant of his surroundings. Mrs. Trapdoor Everyone over thirty looks old to you lot My point is still relevant. Im not just concerned about noise. Ive even heard of discos where teenagers listen and dance to their own choice of music on their own headphones. Catkin Hey, thats a good idea The world is changing. By the way, is that your cell phone ringing? A very warm welcome to one and all in the Science Club Does any one here kno w that technology could be dated back to the pre historic era?Well, before we get into that, lets touch on technology. As we all know , our lives revolve around technological advancements right from basic appliances like a fan or air conditioner to your Phone. Engineers all over the world strive to improve the quality of life, by inventing user friendly devices by which, life becomes comfortable. Who could say NO to ease and luxury in the fast travel world Nicola Tests, the father of modern technology, as ridiculed by scientists then for inventing very important tools like the radio, Cray & the AC and DC motor.Some did not accept his theory, but least did they imagine, so many years later a life without these modern appliances. Technology should be encouraged when it comes to enriching a persons being. The very discovery of the flint stone is considered a technological advancement without which the discovery of fire would have been next to impossible. As the saying goes Necessity is the mother of invention, the thirst and desire to learn and aspire is what drove cave man to improve his lifestyle. If only he did not do so, we would all remain in darkness till date.Since then, discoveries big or small have had a positive impact on the outlook of people and the way they choose to pass by life. Not only has technology impacted the world towards fun and enjoyment, but also helped him have a larger life span , thanks to the advancements in the field Of healthcare. Technology alone has helped diagnose and slightness life threatening diseases that could possibly wipe out our very existence on this planet. Hence, encouraging such endeavourers is an important step towards a healthy life. The past decade has seen profound increase in the use of entertainment technology by children, some as young as 1 year of age.It is big(p) to find kids who would prefer playing basket ball in the open to a SSP indoors. Doctors world tolerant believe , that attachment to technolog y has detached children from humanity as they would interact better with a Graphical User larboard than a fellow human being. Brain development research suggests that the frontal cortex of a childs headland is at risk where he looses impulse control and becomes more violent. Apart from this, the Electromagnetic radiations that are emitted from these gadgets are remarry causes of sensory and motor disorders in children.Being a couch potato , with a TV removed(p) in one hand and a snack in the other is one such thing you cant miss in a household with kids. Unhealthy snacking and lack of physical exercise and fresh air causes obesity which endanger their lifespan. However, recent advancements in the field of modern gadgets does cause concern in the minds of the forward generation. The pods and loud music , generally used to De-stress, by teenagers causes serious hearing disorders. Decades ago, fun was about meeting up with friends and family over a social adhering, and now that chi ldren prefer chatting online to meeting up, parents do get a little worried.The worry ends up in reflecting badly on technological improvements. Besides, they overlook the fact that even they require gadgets to complete their daily tasks even as simple as sending an email and turn to youngsters to certain stuff they cant handle. Overall, rating technological advancements as a bane would be unfair to the puzzle generation has it has so many positives to it. To wrap up my speech, would like to say a few words on how a rational use of technology could improve the outlook of children.Firstly, to the parents who think advancements would prove to be a disadvantage to their children, I suggest they ensure the exposure is under their supervision and subtly handled. Secondly, technology is a limitless field of science where there is so much to learn and gather that, exposing our kids to it, would sum up positive results as they would learn so much more.

Mba 2nd Sem Ass

Summer / May 2012 MBA Semester-2 MB0044 Production and Operations guidance appellation Set 1 (60 Marks) Q1. What is meant by crossroadivity? Write a brief note on capital productivity. Productivity is a measure of the efficiency of the administration and looks at the economies achieved during the processes. Every process pass on have a number of contributors which benefactor in achieving maximum productivity. The processes be People, Machines, Facilitating goods, Ancillary equipments, and Technology.Each of these elements attempts to enhance the office of other elements. Opportunities exist at all stages of the workflow in the entire system to introduce measures for increase productivity. However in actual manufacturing situations, the inefficiencies will have cascading effect in hampering productivity. Communication, effective review processes and advanced methods will come across optimisation of resources. Building up reliability into the equipments, managing the bring chain to economise on the cost factors improves productivity.Quality circles argon very efficient in incorporating low cost and non-intrusive methods of improving productivity and spirit throughout the organisation. Quality circles Involve all persons who ar actually involved in the production system and the teaching they elicit and bring nearly improvements that are highly cost effective Unveil creative thinking and encourage team work and bring about improvements almost on a twenty-four hours to day basis Bring free burning incremental diverges in a harmonious way instead of salient changes Encourage identification of possible failures and seek methods of preventing things going wrong Capital Productivity Capital deployed in comprise, mouldry, buildings and the distribution systems as well as working capital are the components of the cost of manufacturing. Demand fluctuations, uncertainties of SMU bustle No. XXXXXX production owing to breakdowns, and inventories be ing created drag the productivity down. Therefore, strategies are needed to maximise the exercising of the funds allotted towards capital. The strategies included are Outsourcing strategies Methods improvement Balancing of work displace Quality circles Rationalisation of packaging methods SMU envelop No. XXXXXX Q2. (a) What is mechanization? (b) What are the kinds of automation? (a) mechanization Automation is the use of scientific and technological principles in the manufacture of machines that take over work normally done by humans. Figure shows a sample distribution automation production process. Figure Automation For work, automation usually means increase in step and productivity using labour saving devices. Automation is ideal when the service provided or the product fabricate is highly standardised.Some extent of automation can be designed even with customisation, that is, product or services meant to produce or deliver low volumes specific to a requirement. The co st per unit determines the extent of automation required. Automation systems cost huge sums of money and therefore, a deep analysis of the various factors has to be done. (b) Kinds of Automation There are three kinds of automation fixed, programmable, and flexible. 1. Fixed By its very nature, fixed automation is rigid. They are designed for high volume production and their rigidity ensures less variability.They are not amenable to change in product or process. They need minimal human intervention. Examples Oil refineries and chemical processing units. SMU cockle No. XXXXXX 2. Programmable Programming devices enable machines to operate automatically. The machines have sensing and control devices that enable this. The simplest of them called machine attachments deputize human effort. They guide, locate, move, and achieve relative positions by means of cams, optical sensing, and load sensing mechanisms and activate the controls to pull up human intervention.Numerically controlled m achines read instructions and convert them to machine operations. Computers are apply for controlling one machine or a number of them and they have programmes written into them for operations. They are Computer Numerically Controlled or, for short, CNC machines. 3. Flexible Robots are higher in the order of automation as they perform a variety of tasks. They are designed to move materials by holding them in their arms and making precise movements according to programmes written into the computers that remain in them.They simulate human put throughs. They can grip and hold tools with the help of sensors. These sensors are sensitive to butt and force to know that the material is to be held with the requisite pressure for the conduct of operations. Vision sensors are used for inspection, identification and guidance. They use optics based instruments to gather data and feed them to the computers for activating the other parts of the robot. With the help of automation, 100% inspectio n of components can be done which ensures highest quality.Identification and movement of materials are helped by bar codes which are read and fed into the system for monitoring quantity, location, and movement. They help the automated systems to sort information and provide information for effecting any changes necessary. To make effective use of automated machines, we need to have the movement of materials from and to different stations as also stores, automated. Automated Storage and Retrieval Systems (ASRS), receive orders for materials from anywhere in the production area, heap up materials and deliver materials to the workstations.Computers and information systems are used for placing orders for materials, giving commands and adjusting inventory records which show the location and quantity of materials operational/needed. Continuous updating gives a clear picture for all concerned to enable them initiate action to keep the throughput smooth. Automated Guided Vehicle Systems ( AGVS) like pallet trucks and unit load carriers follow embed guide wires or paint strips to reach destinations as programmed. SMU Roll No. XXXXXX Q3. What are the factors that influence the kit and boodle location? General factorsThe general factors that influence the plant location are listed below 1. Availability of go through Availability of land plays an grievous role in determining the plant location. Many-a-time, our plans, calculations and forecasts suggest a ill-tempered area as the best to start an organisation. However, availability of land may be in question. In such cases, we will have to choose the second best location. 2. Availability of inputs While choosing a plant location, it is very important for the organisation to get the labour at the right time and raw materials at good qualities.The plant should be located Near to the raw material source when there is no loss of weight At the market place when there is a loss of weight in the material Close to the mar ket when universally available, so as to minimise the merchant marine cost 3. impropriety to market places Organisations can choose to locate the plant conterminous to the customers market or far from them, depending upon the product they produce. It is advisable to locate the plant near to the market place, when The projection life of the product is low The transportation cost is high The products are delicate and susceptible to spoilage After sales services are promptly required very often The advantages of locating the plant near to the market place are Consistent supply of goods to the customers Reduction of the cost of transportation 4. Communication facilities Communication facility is also an important factor which influences the location of a plant. Regions with good communication facilities viz. Postal and Tele communication links should be given priority for the selection of sites. 5.Infrastructure Infrastructure plays a prominent role in deciding the location. The sanctioned infrastructure needed in any organisation are Power For example, industries which run day and nighttime require continuous power supply. So they should be located near to the power stations and should ensure continuous power supply throughout the year. SMU Roll No. XXXXXX Water For example, process industries such as, paper, chemical, and cement, requires continuous water supply in large amount. So, such process industries need to be located near to the water. Waste disposal For example, for process industries such as, paper and sugarcane industries facility for disposal of waste is the chance upon factor. 6. Transport Transport facility is a must for facility location and layout of location of the plant. Timely supply of raw materials to the company and supply of finished goods to the customers is an important factor. The basic modes of transportation are by Air, Road, Rail, Water, and Pipeline. The resource of location should be made depending on these basic mode s. Cost of transportation is also an important quantity for plant location. 7.Government support The factors that demand additional attention for plant location are the policies of the state governments and local anaesthetic bodies concerning labour laws, building codes, and safety. 8. Housing and recreation Housing and recreation factors also influence the plant location. localisation principle a plant with the facilities of good schools, housing and recreation for employees will have a greater reach on the organisation. These factor seems to be unimportant, but have a difference as they motivate the employees and wherefore the location decisions. Special factors The special factors that influence the plant location are . Economic stability out of doors investments 2. Cultural factors 3. Wages 4. Joint ventures support of big time players SMU Roll No. XXXXXX Q4. Explain about the seven basic quality control tools. Remaining answers are available in the generous assignments . For full assignments contact us Global Education Rajdeep 098662 48187 / 077958 40110 Email emailprotected com / global. emailprotected in Website www. smuassignments. com The diagonally marked watermark (Sample Assignment of smuassignments. com) will not appear in the paid assignments. SMU Roll No. XXXXXX