Mba 2nd Sem Ass

Summer / May 2012 MBA Semester-2 MB0044 Production and Operations guidance appellation Set 1 (60 Marks) Q1. What is meant by crossroadivity? Write a brief note on capital productivity. Productivity is a measure of the efficiency of the administration and looks at the economies achieved during the processes. Every process pass on have a number of contributors which benefactor in achieving maximum productivity. The processes be People, Machines, Facilitating goods, Ancillary equipments, and Technology.Each of these elements attempts to enhance the office of other elements. Opportunities exist at all stages of the workflow in the entire system to introduce measures for increase productivity. However in actual manufacturing situations, the inefficiencies will have cascading effect in hampering productivity. Communication, effective review processes and advanced methods will come across optimisation of resources. Building up reliability into the equipments, managing the bring chain to economise on the cost factors improves productivity.Quality circles argon very efficient in incorporating low cost and non-intrusive methods of improving productivity and spirit throughout the organisation. Quality circles Involve all persons who ar actually involved in the production system and the teaching they elicit and bring nearly improvements that are highly cost effective Unveil creative thinking and encourage team work and bring about improvements almost on a twenty-four hours to day basis Bring free burning incremental diverges in a harmonious way instead of salient changes Encourage identification of possible failures and seek methods of preventing things going wrong Capital Productivity Capital deployed in comprise, mouldry, buildings and the distribution systems as well as working capital are the components of the cost of manufacturing. Demand fluctuations, uncertainties of SMU bustle No. XXXXXX production owing to breakdowns, and inventories be ing created drag the productivity down. Therefore, strategies are needed to maximise the exercising of the funds allotted towards capital. The strategies included are Outsourcing strategies Methods improvement Balancing of work displace Quality circles Rationalisation of packaging methods SMU envelop No. XXXXXX Q2. (a) What is mechanization? (b) What are the kinds of automation? (a) mechanization Automation is the use of scientific and technological principles in the manufacture of machines that take over work normally done by humans. Figure shows a sample distribution automation production process. Figure Automation For work, automation usually means increase in step and productivity using labour saving devices. Automation is ideal when the service provided or the product fabricate is highly standardised.Some extent of automation can be designed even with customisation, that is, product or services meant to produce or deliver low volumes specific to a requirement. The co st per unit determines the extent of automation required. Automation systems cost huge sums of money and therefore, a deep analysis of the various factors has to be done. (b) Kinds of Automation There are three kinds of automation fixed, programmable, and flexible. 1. Fixed By its very nature, fixed automation is rigid. They are designed for high volume production and their rigidity ensures less variability.They are not amenable to change in product or process. They need minimal human intervention. Examples Oil refineries and chemical processing units. SMU cockle No. XXXXXX 2. Programmable Programming devices enable machines to operate automatically. The machines have sensing and control devices that enable this. The simplest of them called machine attachments deputize human effort. They guide, locate, move, and achieve relative positions by means of cams, optical sensing, and load sensing mechanisms and activate the controls to pull up human intervention.Numerically controlled m achines read instructions and convert them to machine operations. Computers are apply for controlling one machine or a number of them and they have programmes written into them for operations. They are Computer Numerically Controlled or, for short, CNC machines. 3. Flexible Robots are higher in the order of automation as they perform a variety of tasks. They are designed to move materials by holding them in their arms and making precise movements according to programmes written into the computers that remain in them.They simulate human put throughs. They can grip and hold tools with the help of sensors. These sensors are sensitive to butt and force to know that the material is to be held with the requisite pressure for the conduct of operations. Vision sensors are used for inspection, identification and guidance. They use optics based instruments to gather data and feed them to the computers for activating the other parts of the robot. With the help of automation, 100% inspectio n of components can be done which ensures highest quality.Identification and movement of materials are helped by bar codes which are read and fed into the system for monitoring quantity, location, and movement. They help the automated systems to sort information and provide information for effecting any changes necessary. To make effective use of automated machines, we need to have the movement of materials from and to different stations as also stores, automated. Automated Storage and Retrieval Systems (ASRS), receive orders for materials from anywhere in the production area, heap up materials and deliver materials to the workstations.Computers and information systems are used for placing orders for materials, giving commands and adjusting inventory records which show the location and quantity of materials operational/needed. Continuous updating gives a clear picture for all concerned to enable them initiate action to keep the throughput smooth. Automated Guided Vehicle Systems ( AGVS) like pallet trucks and unit load carriers follow embed guide wires or paint strips to reach destinations as programmed. SMU Roll No. XXXXXX Q3. What are the factors that influence the kit and boodle location? General factorsThe general factors that influence the plant location are listed below 1. Availability of go through Availability of land plays an grievous role in determining the plant location. Many-a-time, our plans, calculations and forecasts suggest a ill-tempered area as the best to start an organisation. However, availability of land may be in question. In such cases, we will have to choose the second best location. 2. Availability of inputs While choosing a plant location, it is very important for the organisation to get the labour at the right time and raw materials at good qualities.The plant should be located Near to the raw material source when there is no loss of weight At the market place when there is a loss of weight in the material Close to the mar ket when universally available, so as to minimise the merchant marine cost 3. impropriety to market places Organisations can choose to locate the plant conterminous to the customers market or far from them, depending upon the product they produce. It is advisable to locate the plant near to the market place, when The projection life of the product is low The transportation cost is high The products are delicate and susceptible to spoilage After sales services are promptly required very often The advantages of locating the plant near to the market place are Consistent supply of goods to the customers Reduction of the cost of transportation 4. Communication facilities Communication facility is also an important factor which influences the location of a plant. Regions with good communication facilities viz. Postal and Tele communication links should be given priority for the selection of sites. 5.Infrastructure Infrastructure plays a prominent role in deciding the location. The sanctioned infrastructure needed in any organisation are Power For example, industries which run day and nighttime require continuous power supply. So they should be located near to the power stations and should ensure continuous power supply throughout the year. SMU Roll No. XXXXXX Water For example, process industries such as, paper, chemical, and cement, requires continuous water supply in large amount. So, such process industries need to be located near to the water. Waste disposal For example, for process industries such as, paper and sugarcane industries facility for disposal of waste is the chance upon factor. 6. Transport Transport facility is a must for facility location and layout of location of the plant. Timely supply of raw materials to the company and supply of finished goods to the customers is an important factor. The basic modes of transportation are by Air, Road, Rail, Water, and Pipeline. The resource of location should be made depending on these basic mode s. Cost of transportation is also an important quantity for plant location. 7.Government support The factors that demand additional attention for plant location are the policies of the state governments and local anaesthetic bodies concerning labour laws, building codes, and safety. 8. Housing and recreation Housing and recreation factors also influence the plant location. localisation principle a plant with the facilities of good schools, housing and recreation for employees will have a greater reach on the organisation. These factor seems to be unimportant, but have a difference as they motivate the employees and wherefore the location decisions. Special factors The special factors that influence the plant location are . Economic stability out of doors investments 2. Cultural factors 3. Wages 4. Joint ventures support of big time players SMU Roll No. XXXXXX Q4. Explain about the seven basic quality control tools. Remaining answers are available in the generous assignments . 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